Abstract: Report of 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to expand international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation, and form an innovation-oriented ecosystem with leading global competitiveness. So far, government intervention and blockade oriented by ideological confrontation from selected western countries continue to accelerate, and become the biggest interference factor in the scientific and technological cooperation between China and the outside world. The blockade and restrictions will bring uncertainty to Chinese enterprises and scientific personnel. By reviewing the process of China’s outward science and technology cooperation, the paper summarizes the achievement of cooperation, and the current obstacle and challenge from world Market, as well as the breakthrough orientation of “technology blockade” by western countries governments against China. Under the framework of self-reliance and self-improvement in key technological fields, as the core of the medium and long-term science and technology strategy, policy should focus on pursuing co-sharing of opportunities between China and outside world. In addition, optimizing cooperation models of worldwide scientific research project should be emphasized. Taking “innovation network - innovation platform - innovation talents” as the starting point, we will expand the space and improve the efficiency of cooperation in science and technology with foreign countries, and explore a sustainable development path for cooperation between China’s local science and technology innovation chain and the global innovation chain.

Key words: science and technology cooperation, technology blockade, the Belt and Road initiative