Data security is the lifeline of colleges and universities，which is related to the stability and development of colleges and universities. At present，under the coupling effect of multiple risk factors such as internal and external human，system，technology and environment，data security in universities is facing more and more risk challenges. Based on the life cycle theory and risk coupling model，the article aims at the whole process of collecting，transmitting，storing，processing，sharing and disclosing，destroying about university data，tracing the risks of university data security from human，system，technology and environment，and constructing a multidimensional early warning monitoring and security protection system for university data security which is coupled with all elements，all-round，all chain and all time.