Resident participation in community governance，as a critical component of grassroots governance，represents a vivid practice of whole-process people’s democracy and holds significant importance for enhancing the effectiveness of community governance. Taking resident participation in waste sorting in Community H as a case study，this paper constructs an analytical framework based on Actor-Network Theory (ANT) across four dimensions: actor identification，network construction and interaction，translation and mediation，and mechanisms for sustained participation，delves into the internal mechanisms of community resident participation. The study reveals that the effective implementation of community waste sorting is driven by the interaction and collaboration among multiple actors，interest coordination and consensus-building，incentive mechanisms，as well as institutional safeguards and community cultural development. Building on these findings，the paper proposes recommendations to accurately identify diverse actors，enhance network building and interaction，facilitate translation and transmutation，and deepen the mechanism for continued resident participation.