赋能与保护：成年心智障碍者自主权与监护权的冲突与协调

秘书 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 52-65.

• 本期专题心智障碍者监护机制研究 • 上一篇下一篇

赋能与保护：成年心智障碍者自主权与监护权的冲突与协调

周洁

西南政法大学

出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-27
基金资助:
重庆市社会科学规划项目“灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者权益保障研究”（2024RZ01）

Empowerment and Protection: Conflict and Reconciliation Between Autonomy and Guardianship of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

ZHOU Jie

Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在成年心智障碍者监护的法律关系中，自主权与监护权之间的冲突主要体现在对成年心智障碍者行为能力的评估及其相应权益的处理上。现行法律中的“一刀切”规定忽视了成年心智障碍者在医疗、经济、教育和社会参与等领域中的自主权，导致监护权过度介入，造成成年心智障碍者人身权利和财产权益保护的不均衡与不合理。为了解决这一问题，应实施法律改革，以保障成年心智障碍者的决策权和参与权，通过构建决策支持体系为成年心智障碍者提供必要的帮助，同时最大程度地保障其自主权；通过适度的公权力介入为不同类型的成年心智障碍者制定更加细化的自主权保障方案，进一步完善监护制度，确保成年心智障碍者的各项权益得到更加全面和均衡的法律保护。

关键词: 成年心智障碍者, 自主权, 监护权, 法律冲突, 协助决策

Abstract:

In the legal framework governing the guardianship of adults with intellectual disabilities, the conflict between autonomy and guardianship primarily arises from the evaluation of the individual’s decision-making capacity and the corresponding handling of their rights. The “one-size-fits-all” provisions in current laws often overlook the autonomy of adults with intellectual disabilities in key areas of life such as healthcare, economic, education, and social particiation. This leads to excessive intervention by guardians, resulting in an imbalance and injustice in the protection of their personal and property rights. To address this issue, legal reforms should be implemented to ensure that adults with intellectual disabilities have decision-making and participation rights. A decision-support system should be established to provide necessary assistance while maximizing their right to make autonomous choices. Furthermore, the state should intervene with appropriate public authority and develop more detailed plans for safeguarding autonomy according to different situations, thereby improving the guardianship system and ensuring more comprehensive and balanced legal protection of the rights of adults with intellectual disabilities.

Key words: adults with intellectual disabilities, autonomy, guardianship, conflict of laws, assisted decision-making

周洁. 赋能与保护：成年心智障碍者自主权与监护权的冲突与协调[J]. 秘书, 2025, 43(2): 52-65.

ZHOU Jie. Empowerment and Protection: Conflict and Reconciliation Between Autonomy and Guardianship of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities[J]. Secretary, 2025, 43(2): 52-65.

赋能与保护：成年心智障碍者自主权与监护权的冲突与协调

Empowerment and Protection: Conflict and Reconciliation Between Autonomy and Guardianship of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

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