This article conducts an in-depth research on the power and responsibility between government and public institutions within the personnel management regulations. It explores the legal framework，the relationship between power and responsibility，the autonomy of public institutions，and the impact of the power and responsibility on human resources and public policies governed by the personnel management regulations. The formulation of personnel management regulations establishes a clear legal foundation for public institutions，fostering the enhancement of human resources management and public services. The delicate balance of power and responsibility between the government and public institutions holds paramount importance for both human resources and public policies. The government’s regulatory role contributes to standardized management, while granting autonomy to public institutions fosters increased management flexibility and innovation. Future research endeavors should broaden their scope to explore the influencing factors of power and responsibility balance，with a specific focus on the implications of emerging technologies and globalization for personnel management，which will facilitate the provision of more effective management suggestions and policy guidance.