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Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2022, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3): 9-.doi: 10.1007/s41918-022-00169-z

• • 上一篇    

Advanced Strategies for Stabilizing Single-Atom Catalysts for Energy Storage and Conversion

Wenxian Li1,2,3, Zehao Guo1, Jack Yang2, Ying Li1,3, Xueliang Sun4, Haiyong He5, Sean Li2, Jiujun Zhang3   

  1. 1. Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
    2. UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
    3. College of Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
    4. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
    5. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, China
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-29 修回日期:2022-02-15 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-10-25
  • 通讯作者: Wenxian Li,E-mail:shuliwx@t.shu.edu.cn;Jiujun Zhang,E-mail:jiujun.zhang@i.shu.edu.cn E-mail:shuliwx@t.shu.edu.cn;jiujun.zhang@i.shu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51572166). W.X. Li acknowledges research supported by the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar:TP2014041) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning.

Advanced Strategies for Stabilizing Single-Atom Catalysts for Energy Storage and Conversion

Wenxian Li1,2,3, Zehao Guo1, Jack Yang2, Ying Li1,3, Xueliang Sun4, Haiyong He5, Sean Li2, Jiujun Zhang3   

  1. 1. Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
    2. UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
    3. College of Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
    4. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
    5. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2021-11-29 Revised:2022-02-15 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-10-25
  • Contact: Wenxian Li,E-mail:shuliwx@t.shu.edu.cn;Jiujun Zhang,E-mail:jiujun.zhang@i.shu.edu.cn E-mail:shuliwx@t.shu.edu.cn;jiujun.zhang@i.shu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51572166). W.X. Li acknowledges research supported by the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar:TP2014041) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning.

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摘要： Well-defined atomically dispersed metal catalysts (or single-atom catalysts) have been widely studied to fundamentally understand their catalytic mechanisms, improve the catalytic efficiency, increase the abundance of active components, enhance the catalyst utilization, and develop cost-effective catalysts to effectively reduce the usage of noble metals. Such single-atom catalysts have relatively higher selectivity and catalytic activity with maximum atom utilization due to their unique characteristics of high metal dispersion and a low-coordination environment. However, freestanding single atoms are thermodynamically unstable, such that during synthesis and catalytic reactions, they inevitably tend to agglomerate to reduce the system energy associated with their large surface areas. Therefore, developing innovative strategies to stabilize single-atom catalysts, including mass-separated soft landing, one-pot pyrolysis, co-precipitation, impregnation, atomic layer deposition, and organometallic complexation, is critically needed. Many types of supporting materials, including polymers, have been commonly used to stabilize single atoms in these fabrication techniques. Herein, we review the stabilization strategies of single-atom catalyst, including different synthesis methods, specific metals and carriers, specific catalytic reactions, and their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, this review focuses on the application of polymers in the synthesis and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including their functions as carriers for metal single atoms, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and protection agents during the fabrication process. The technical challenges that are currently faced by single-atom catalysts are summarized, and perspectives related to future research directions including catalytic mechanisms, enhancement of the catalyst loading content, and large-scale implementation are proposed to realize their practical applications.

关键词: Single-atom catalyst, Stabilization strategy, Coordination environment, Polymer, Encapsulation agent, Protection agent

Abstract: Well-defined atomically dispersed metal catalysts (or single-atom catalysts) have been widely studied to fundamentally understand their catalytic mechanisms, improve the catalytic efficiency, increase the abundance of active components, enhance the catalyst utilization, and develop cost-effective catalysts to effectively reduce the usage of noble metals. Such single-atom catalysts have relatively higher selectivity and catalytic activity with maximum atom utilization due to their unique characteristics of high metal dispersion and a low-coordination environment. However, freestanding single atoms are thermodynamically unstable, such that during synthesis and catalytic reactions, they inevitably tend to agglomerate to reduce the system energy associated with their large surface areas. Therefore, developing innovative strategies to stabilize single-atom catalysts, including mass-separated soft landing, one-pot pyrolysis, co-precipitation, impregnation, atomic layer deposition, and organometallic complexation, is critically needed. Many types of supporting materials, including polymers, have been commonly used to stabilize single atoms in these fabrication techniques. Herein, we review the stabilization strategies of single-atom catalyst, including different synthesis methods, specific metals and carriers, specific catalytic reactions, and their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, this review focuses on the application of polymers in the synthesis and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including their functions as carriers for metal single atoms, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and protection agents during the fabrication process. The technical challenges that are currently faced by single-atom catalysts are summarized, and perspectives related to future research directions including catalytic mechanisms, enhancement of the catalyst loading content, and large-scale implementation are proposed to realize their practical applications.

Key words: Single-atom catalyst, Stabilization strategy, Coordination environment, Polymer, Encapsulation agent, Protection agent

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