Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Self-Template Synthesis Approach to Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Stability

doi:10.1007/s41918-019-00031-9

Electrochemical Energy Reviews ›› 2019, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (2): 231-251.doi: 10.1007/s41918-019-00031-9

所属专题： Fuel cells

• REVIEW ARTICLE • 上一篇下一篇

Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Self-Template Synthesis Approach to Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Stability

Yanghua He, Qiang Tan, Leilei Lu, Joshua Sokolowski, Gang Wu

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Bufalo, The State University of New York, Bufalo, NY 14260, USA

收稿日期:2018-10-27 修回日期:2019-01-02 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-06-28
通讯作者: Gang Wu E-mail:gangwu@bufalo.edu
基金资助:
We acknowledge the financial support from the U. S. DOE EERE Fuel Cell Technology Ofce (DE-EE0008075, DE-EE0008076) and the National Science Foundation (CBET-1604392, 1804326).

Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Self-Template Synthesis Approach to Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Stability

Yanghua He, Qiang Tan, Leilei Lu, Joshua Sokolowski, Gang Wu

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Bufalo, The State University of New York, Bufalo, NY 14260, USA

Received:2018-10-27 Revised:2019-01-02 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-06-28
Contact: Gang Wu E-mail:gangwu@bufalo.edu
Supported by:
We acknowledge the financial support from the U. S. DOE EERE Fuel Cell Technology Ofce (DE-EE0008075, DE-EE0008076) and the National Science Foundation (CBET-1604392, 1804326).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are leading candidates in the utilization of clean energy resources for application in transportation, stationary, and portable devices. In PEMFCs, cathode catalysts are crucial for overall performance and durability due to kinetically slow oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). Because platinum (Pt), a state-of-the-art ORR catalyst, is rare and expensive, the development of high-performance platinum metal group (PGM)-free catalysts is highly desirable for future fuel cell technologies. Among the various PGM-free catalyst formulations, metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon (M-N-C, M:Fe, Co, or Mn) catalysts have exhibited encouraging activity and stability in acidic media for ORR and possess great potential to replace Pt in the future. Therefore, based on our extensive experience in the feld of ORR catalysis, this review will comprehensively summarize the basic principles in the design and synthesis of M-N-C catalysts for durable, inexpensive, and high-performance PEMFCs with an emphasis on Co-and Mn-N-C catalysts to avoid Fenton reactions between Fe²⁺ and H₂O₂, which can generate free radicals and lead to the degradation of catalysts, ionomers, and membranes in PEMFCs. Furthermore, template-free 3D hydrocarbon frameworks as attractive precursors to advanced M-N-C catalysts will be discussed to signifcantly enhance intrinsic ORR activities in acidic media. In addition, long-term performance durability of M-N-C cathodes will be discussed extensively to provide potential solutions to enhance catalyst stability in PEMFCs. Finally, this review will provide an overall perspective on the progress, challenges, and solutions of PGM-free catalysts for future PEMFC technologies.

Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-019-00031-9/fulltext.html

关键词: Oxygen reduction, PGM-free catalysts, Electrocatalysis, Fuel cells, Energy conversion

Abstract: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are leading candidates in the utilization of clean energy resources for application in transportation, stationary, and portable devices. In PEMFCs, cathode catalysts are crucial for overall performance and durability due to kinetically slow oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). Because platinum (Pt), a state-of-the-art ORR catalyst, is rare and expensive, the development of high-performance platinum metal group (PGM)-free catalysts is highly desirable for future fuel cell technologies. Among the various PGM-free catalyst formulations, metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon (M-N-C, M:Fe, Co, or Mn) catalysts have exhibited encouraging activity and stability in acidic media for ORR and possess great potential to replace Pt in the future. Therefore, based on our extensive experience in the feld of ORR catalysis, this review will comprehensively summarize the basic principles in the design and synthesis of M-N-C catalysts for durable, inexpensive, and high-performance PEMFCs with an emphasis on Co-and Mn-N-C catalysts to avoid Fenton reactions between Fe²⁺ and H₂O₂, which can generate free radicals and lead to the degradation of catalysts, ionomers, and membranes in PEMFCs. Furthermore, template-free 3D hydrocarbon frameworks as attractive precursors to advanced M-N-C catalysts will be discussed to signifcantly enhance intrinsic ORR activities in acidic media. In addition, long-term performance durability of M-N-C cathodes will be discussed extensively to provide potential solutions to enhance catalyst stability in PEMFCs. Finally, this review will provide an overall perspective on the progress, challenges, and solutions of PGM-free catalysts for future PEMFC technologies.

Full-text：https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41918-019-00031-9/fulltext.html

Key words: Oxygen reduction, PGM-free catalysts, Electrocatalysis, Fuel cells, Energy conversion

Yanghua He, Qiang Tan, Leilei Lu, Joshua Sokolowski, Gang Wu. Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Self-Template Synthesis Approach to Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Stability[J]. Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 2019, 2(2): 231-251.

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Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Self-Template Synthesis Approach to Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Stability

Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Self-Template Synthesis Approach to Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Stability

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